A landlord quotes "$25/sqft base" and it sounds affordable. Then CAM, insurance, and property tax are added on top — and your real rent is closer to $35. This is the NNN lease, and misunderstanding it is how otherwise-strong stores end up rent-burdened.

Base rent vs effective rent

Base rent is only the starting point. A triple-net (NNN) lease makes the tenant responsible for three additional "nets":

ComponentWhat it is
Base rentThe quoted "$/sqft" paid to the landlord
Property tax (Net 1)Your share of the building's real-estate tax
Insurance (Net 2)Your share of the building's casualty/liability policy
CAM (Net 3)Common-area maintenance: parking, landscaping, snow, hallway HVAC

How much extra is NNN?

In many U.S. retail markets NNN adds 20-40% on top of base rent. A space at $25/sqft base can realistically cost $30-$35/sqft all-in. Always request the trailing 12 months of actual NNN from a comparable tenant or the lease abstract — estimates understate the load.

Negotiate on effective rent, not base: A slightly higher base with capped CAM can beat a low base with uncapped CAM. Compare the all-in number.

The sales-per-sqft you must hit

Occupancy cost (rent all-in) above ~10% of sales is a widely used red line for small retailers and restaurants; full-service restaurants often target 6-10%. To stay healthy:

All-in rent /sqft/yrMin sales/sqft needed (at 10% rent)
$30$300
$50$500
$80$800

National all-retail average sales run about $325/sqft; grocery and convenience sit near $330-$500/sqft, while QSR can reach $600-$1,200/sqft. If your concept cannot plausibly clear the sales/sqft your rent demands, the lease is the problem — not your marketing.

Watch the escalation clause: Annual NNN or base "steps" (e.g., 3% per year) compound. Model year 3 and year 5 rent, not just year 1.